Should Men and Women Take Different Probiotics?

Senior man taking probiotic supplements as his wife reads the instructions

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Probiotics are essential for gut health, but should men and women take different probiotics?

The answer to this question is a little more complicated than you might think. While there are some general guidelines that can be followed, the truth is that everyone’s body is different and will respond differently to different probiotic strains.

With so many probiotic supplements on the market, it can be hard to figure out which one is right for you. And if you’re a woman, should you be taking a different probiotic than if you’re a man?

It turns out that yes, men and women should take different probiotics. Women need probiotics that will help with issues like yeast infections and UTIs, while men need probiotics that will help with things like prostate health and gut health.

Have you ever wondered why some probiotic products are specifically designed for men or women? The answer lies in the microbiome, a symbiotic community of bacteria, viruses, fungus, and archaea that live in and on the human body.

Everyone’s microbiome is unique, and some evidence suggests that gender may influence the number of bacteria, you host.

How gut health differs for men and women

In recent years, the gut microbiome has piqued the curiosity of both scientists and the general public. Microbe activity in your gut has been connected to weight control, heart health, immune function, mental health, and other factors.

Some of the gut troubles that both men and women encounter are most likely caused by microbial imbalances. However, some differences in prevalence come down to simple biology.

Men, for example, have shorter colons than women, and their digestive systems don’t have to compete for space with as many reproductive organs. Men, on the other hand, produce more stomach acid, which can cause heartburn. Higher testosterone levels may also influence ulcer and polyp formation.

Both the stomach and the colon empty more slowly in women, which means food takes longer to digest. Hormonal variations during menstruation, pregnancy, and menopause can disrupt digestive function, leading to increased bloating and pain.

Female hormones may also enhance inflammation, which may explain why women are more likely than males to suffer from gastritis.

Close-up of probiotic capsules and tablets designed for both sexes
Close-up of probiotic capsules and tablets designed for both sexes

In addition to these physiological differences, there are also distinct dietary needs for men and women. Men, for example, require more calories, protein, and iron than women. Women need more calcium, folate, and vitamins A and D.

The best way to maintain gut health is to eat a balanced diet that includes plenty of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and healthy fats. Probiotic-rich foods like yogurt, kimchi, and sauerkraut can also help keep your gut microbiota in balance. And if you’re taking antibiotics or other medications that disrupt gut health, be sure to take a probiotic supplement as well.

Prevalence of digestive disorders

Because of these physical variances, men and women endure differing degrees of digestive distress as a result of common illnesses. Men typically have more:

  • Heartburn
  • GERD
  • Reflux complications, such as esophageal damage

Women are more likely than men to have inflammation and general discomfort.

  • IBS is two to six times more likely in women.
  • Constipation is three times more likely to occur.
  • IBD is twice as frequent in women.
  • Bloating, nausea, and/or alterations in bowel motions are more prevalent overall.

IBD, including Chron’s disease and ulcerative colitis, has the least gender disparity of any major digestive disorder. Aside from the digestive distress associated with these disorders, symptoms develop differently in males than in women.

  • Males are more likely to experience weight loss, bleeding, and anemia.
  • Females are more likely to develop liver disease and arthritis.
  • Pregnant women are especially vulnerable to IBD flare-ups.

Although the cause of IBD is unknown, it is thought to be the result of a combination of environmental and genetic factors.

Digestive disorders affect both males and females
Digestive disorders affect both males and females

Food and lifestyle influence gut health

It’s no secret that eating affects intestinal health. After all, your gut microbes consume what you consume. Dietary choices have a direct impact on species variety and population size, although these impacts appear to be gender specific.

Scientists are still puzzled as to why men’s and women’s microbiomes do not respond similarly to identical diets. It could be due to hormonal factors or changes in immune function that determine which bacteria survive and which die.

Stress and medication usage are two of the most significant lifestyle factors influencing the microbiota. Women are more likely than males to report feeling stressed, and they are more likely to take NSAIDs, opioids, laxatives, and antibiotics, all of which can have a bad influence on digestive health.

Hormones found in birth control medications can also affect microbial balance and diversity.

So, what does all this mean for you?

If you’re concerned about your gut health, focus on these key areas:

Diet: Eating a variety of nutrient-rich, whole foods is essential for maintaining a healthy microbiome. Avoid processed foods and too much sugar, which can feed harmful bacteria and lead to inflammation.

Stress: Managing stress is important for overall health, but it’s especially critical for gut health. Stress can alter the composition of the microbiome and increase inflammation.

Medications: If you’re taking any medications, talk to your doctor about potential side effects on gut health. Some medications, such as antibiotics, can kill both good and bad bacteria. Others, like birth control pills, can alter hormone levels and lead to changes in the microbiome.

Taking care of your gut health is important for overall health and well-being. By making dietary and lifestyle changes, you can help keep your gut microbes happy and healthy!

Guy holding his stomach due to suffering from a digestive order
Guy holding his stomach due to suffering from a digestive order

Gender’s effect on microbial composition

Microbial diversity appears to be similar in men and women until adolescence. This shows that hormones influence the number and type of species present. Women’s microbiomes may mature and diversify earlier than men’s due to hormonal variations.

The vaginal microbiome and the bacteria species present in prostate fluid both play important roles in both women’s and men’s health. While there is a documented link between vaginal microbiome abnormalities and yeast infections, additional research is needed to fully understand the role of the prostate microbiome.

There is evidence that the vaginal microbiome changes throughout the menstrual cycle. These changes may be due to fluctuations in hormone levels or other factors. The specific changes that occur and their impact on women’s health are not yet well understood.

Pregnancy is associated with significant changes in the composition of the microbiome. These changes may be due to hormonal changes, the immune system’s response to the fetus, or other factors. The specific changes that occur and their impact on women’s health are not yet well understood.

The composition of the microbiome may also be influenced by diet, medications, and other environmental factors. For example, studies have shown that antibiotics can alter the microbiome and that different types of birth control can have different effects on the vaginal microbiome.

Additional research is needed to better understand how these and other factors influence the microbiome.

Probiotics for women vs. probiotics for men

Probiotics are thought to offer a variety of health benefits, including improved digestion and a strengthened immune system. However, probiotics are not a one-size-fits-all supplement. In fact, there is some evidence to suggest that probiotics may be more effective for women than for men.

One study found that probiotic supplements improved symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) more significantly in women than in men.

Additionally, probiotics have been shown to reduce the risk of vaginal infections in women. For these reasons, it is important to consider gender when choosing a probiotic supplement.

Probiotics tailored toward women

To lessen the danger of yeast overgrowth, women’s probiotics are frequently made to maintain a healthy balance in both the gut and vaginal microbiomes.  Look for Lactobacillus strains in formulae such as:

  • rhamnosus
  • reuteri
  • plantarum

Some of these strains may also help with immunological health and digestion.

Bifidobacterium strains such as B. longum and B. infantis can also help.

Woman holding a model of human intestines depicting the need for good gut health
Woman holding a model of human intestines depicting the need for good gut health

Probiotics tailored to life stages

Probiotic formulations designed for elders may benefit men and women in their older years. Age causes changes in hormone balances in women and prostate health in men, and taking a probiotic may help prevent microbial diversity declines linked with diminishing health.

You may need to try multiple probiotic formulas to find the optimal fit for your body and your specific digestion demands. You’ll receive the best results if you feed your new “good bugs” a high-fiber diet rich in entire plant foods.

While probiotics can assist relieve gastrointestinal distress, they are not a treatment for major digestive problems. Consult your doctor if you have recurring pain, bloating, painful bowel movements, or other symptoms that may indicate the need for specific therapy.


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